Reading Practice: 3D Printer in Space

March 19, 2020 by 114 Comments

This practice reading lesson focuses on Sentence Completion questions which means filling in a gap to complete a sentence. These are common questions in IELTS and also in English language exercise books.

The level is not high, so it is suitable for GT candidates and also a good easy practice for Academic candidates. Remember, the academic reading passages are usually a bit more difficult. Even so, this lesson will help you focus on skills.

Sentence completion questions in IELTS reading require you to choose one or more words from the passage to complete the sentence. This involves skim reading the passage, identifying the type of word missing from the sentences and then scanning the passage to locate the missing word. Always check how many words you can have for the answer.

Reading Passage: Space Technology

Made-in-Space

Astronauts on the International Space Station have used their 3-D printer to make a wrench from instructions sent up in an email. It is the first time hardware has been “emailed” to space. Nasa was responding to a request by ISS commander Barry Wilmore for a ratcheting socket wrench. Previously, if astronauts requested a specific item they could have waited months for it to be flown up on one of the regular supply flights. Nasa says the capability will help astronauts be more self-reliant on future long duration space missions. This will also have a positive impact on the sustainability of space travel. Furthermore, it makes ships lighter and reduces launching costs. Mike Chen added: “The socket wrench we just manufactured is the first object we designed on the ground and sent digitally to space, on the fly. It also marks the end of our first experiment—a sequence of 21 prints that together make up the first tools and objects ever manufactured off the surface of the Earth.” The other 21 objects were designed before the 3D printer was shipped to the space station in September on a SpaceX Dragon supply flight.

Questions 1-7

Complete the sentences below using no more than two words and/or a number.

  1.  A ……………….. was made using a 3-D printer on the International Space Station.
  2. The tool was essentially …………… to space.
  3. This new technology provides instant access to tools which would have taken …………… before.
  4. Consequently, astronauts will be ……………… to a much greater extent.
  5. Creating tools in space as needed means crafts will weigh less and therefore have lower ………………
  6. The tool was the ……………… that had been designed on Earth yet physically created in space.
  7. Vocabulary question to you all – can you paraphrase the term “on the fly”? 

Answers

Click here to see answers: Answers to 3D Printer Reading.

All the best and stay safe,

Liz

 

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True False Not Given: IELTS Reading Practice Lessons

January 9, 2019 by 252 Comments

Free practice reading for IELTS True False Not Given questions. IELTS reading TFNG questions come in both the Academic reading test and the General Training reading test. Below are 4 FREE practice lessons for IELTS TFNG questions. They are practice lessons for IELTS candidates and are aimed at helping people develop awareness and skills to successfully tackle these types of reading questions. Before you do reading practice, watch this Free Video Lesson about how to successfully tackle these questions: TFNG Tips Video

Note: If you are confused about the answers to any questions below, please check the comments boxes where I have explained in detail.

TFNG Reading: Exercise 1

Passage: The Thames Tunnel

The Thames Tunnel was a tunnel built under the River Thames in London. It was the first subaqueous tunnel ever built and many believed it was the Eighth Wonder of the World at the time it was opened. It was opened in 1843 to pedestrians only and people came from far and wide to see the marvel. The day it was first opened, it attracted fifth thousand people to enter the tunnel and walk its length of almost 400 metres. The Thames Tunnel was used by people from all classes. The working class used it for its functional use of crossing from one side of the river to another, while for the middle classes and upper classes, it was a tourist experience. In the age of sail and horse-drawn coaches, people travelled a long way to visit the tunnel, but this was not enough to make the tunnel a financial success. It had cost over £500,000 to complete which in those days was a considerable amount of money. However, even though it attracted about 2 million people each year, each person only paid a penny to use it. The aim had been for the tunnel to be used by wheeled vehicles to transport cargo so that it could bring in a profit. But this failed and the tunnel eventually became nothing more than a tourist attraction selling souvenirs. In 1865, the tunnel became part of the London Underground railway system which continues to be its use today.

Questions 1-8

Are the following statements true, false or not given according to the information in the passage?

  • True = the statement matches the information in the passage.
  • False = the statement contradicts the information in the passage.
  • Not Given = the information is not found in the passage.
  •  
  1. The Thames Tunnel was the first tunnel ever built under a river.
  2. The Thames Tunnel was the Eighth Wonder of the World.
  3. People were drawn from all over to see the Thames Tunnel.
  4. The tunnel was particularly popular with the middle and upper classes.
  5. People were able to travel by sea or land in those days.
  6. The aim of the tunnel was to turn a profit as a tourist attraction.
  7. Statues of the tunnel could be bought as souvenirs.
  8. The tunnel is no longer used as a pedestrian walkway to cross the river.

Answers

Click below to reveal the answers.

Answers
  1. TRUE
    1. “It was the first subaqueous tunnel ever built… “
    2. You might not know the word “subaqueous” but I’m sure you are familiar with “subway” which means a way under the ground. You might also recognise the word “aqua” as being connected with water. Even if you don’t know words, you can make an educated guess about the answer.  
  2. FALSE
    1. “…many believed it was the Eighth Wonder of the World at the time…… “
    2. It was something people believed at that time. It was not a fact.
  3. TRUE
    1. “…drew people from far and wide…”
    2. The word “draw” in this context means to attract.
    3. “from all over” is an expression which does not mean from every individual country in the world. It is a vague expression – from many places.
  4. NOT GIVEN
    1. The passage does not state if the tunnel was more popular with one class than the other.
  5. TRUE
    1. “In the age of sail and horse-drawn coaches….”
    2. “sail” refers to boats (sea) and “horse-drawn coaches” were the method of land travel.
  6. FALSE
    1. “The aim had been for the tunnel to be used by wheeled vehicles to transport cargo so that it could bring in a profit.”
  7. NOT GIVEN
    1. There is no information about what types of souvenirs were sold.
  8. TRUE
    1. “In 1865, the tunnel became part of the London Underground system which continues to be its use today.”

Note: This passage was created by IELTS Liz. Information for this passage was sourced from various websites: ikbrunel.org.uk, wiki, britcannica.com and other sources.

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TFNG Reading: Exercise 2

Passage: Pyramid Building

The most famous pyramid is the Great Pyramid of Giza which is actually only one of over a hundred surviving pyramids. There is a long-standing question about how the pyramids were built given the lack of technology over 4,000 years ago but scientists are piecing together the puzzle. The blocks which make up the pyramids were hewn from quarries and then transported to the pyramids for construction. This was an incredible feat considering the distance that the raw materials had to travel and their enormous weight. The transportation of the materials was either by river using a boat or by land using a wooden sledge. Given the softness of the ground, the wheel would have been of little use had it been invented at that time. It is believed that the sand in front of the sledge was wet with water in order to facilitate the movement of the sledge and reduce friction. These sledges were pulled manually or sometimes by using beasts of burden depending on the ease at which the sledges could move over the ground. Interestingly, two thousand years after the pyramid building era of the Ancient Egyptians, the Romans moved stones using similar techniques at Baalbek. Once the blocks arrived at the pyramid construction site, it is thought they were moved into place using a ramp and pulley system.

The Old Kingdom period in Ancient Egyptian history is also known as the pyramid building era. The Ancient Egyptians achieved the most remarkable feats of building work which have still not been surpassed, particularly given the primitive technology used to build them. There is nothing remotely mystical or magical about how the pyramids were built as is commonly thought. Further still, while popular belief is that the Great Pyramid was built using slave labour, this theory has since been debunked. The first building made in a pyramid shape is thought to be the Stepped Pyramid which consists of six steps placed on top of each other in a pyramid shape to create the world’s first superstructure. The credit to finally achieving a smooth sided pyramid goes to Imhotep, an architect commissioned by King Sneferu. The pyramids were not an instant achievement, but the achievement of trial and error.

Download: This reading exercise can be downloaded for use at home or in classrooms. Click here: Pyramids Reading TFNG. 

Questions 1-9

Decide if the statements below are True, False or Not Given according to the information in the passage.

  1. The controversy over the method used in the construction of the pyramids has been solved by scientists.
  2. It is possible that Ancient Egyptians could have lubricated paths to aid transportation by sledge.
  3. Sleds were dragged by animals not humans.
  4. The Romans learned the techniques of moving huge stones from the Ancient Egyptians.
  5. The building work of the Ancient Egyptians is unrivalled.
  6. Some people believe that magic may have been used by the Ancient Egyptians to build the pyramids.
  7. The Great Pyramid was built using slave labour.
  8. It took more than one attempt to get the construction of the pyramids right.

Note: Photo by Les Anderson

Answers

Click below to reveal the answers:

Answers
  1. FALSE
    1. “…scientists are piecing together the puzzle.” = currently – a work in progress – not finished.
  2. TRUE
    1. “It is believed that the sand in front of the sledge was wet with water in order to facilitate the movement of the sledges and reduce friction.”
  3. FALSE
    1. “These sledges were pulled manually or sometimes by using beasts of burden …” 
    2. manually = by hand (people)
    3. beast of burden = animal
  4. Not Given
    1. The passage gives no information about who the Roman’s learned from.
    2. “…using similar techniques at Baalbek”. The preposition “at” means that “Baalbek” is a place, not a person.
  5.  TRUE
    1. “The Ancient Egyptians achieved the most remarkable feats of building work which have still not been surpassed ….”
  6.  TRUE
    1.  “There is nothing remotely mystical or magical about how the pyramids were built as is commonly thought. “
    2. Meaning: “There is nothing magical – as is commonly thought.
    3. Meaning: “There is nothing magical but many people think there is.”
    4. The term “as is commonly thought” changes the whole meaning of the sentence given and converts it to the meaning above. This is high level English. If you get this question wrong, it is due to language, not technique. 
    5. If you struggle to understand this one, you might need to ask an English language teacher to give you a lesson on the use of this expression.
  7. FALSE
    1. “…while popular belief is that the Great Pyramid was built using slave labour, this theory has since been debunked.”
    2. debunked = discredited
  8. TRUE
    1. “The pyramids were not an instant achievement, but the achievement of trial and error.”

Note: This passage was created by IELTS Liz. Information for this passage was sourced from various websites: catchpenny..org, wiki, bbc.co.uk and other sources

.

TFNG Reading: Exercise 3

Passage: Beethoven

Composer Ludwig van Beethoven was born on or near December 16, 1770, in Bonn, Germany. He is widely considered the greatest composer of all time. Sometime between the births of his two younger brothers, Beethoven’s father began teaching him music with an extraordinary rigour and brutality that affected him for the rest of his life. On a near daily basis, Beethoven was flogged, locked in the cellar and deprived of sleep for extra hours of practice. He studied the violin and clavier with his father as well as taking additional lessons from organists around town. Beethoven was a prodigiously talented musician from his earliest days and displayed flashes of the creative imagination that would eventually reach farther than any composer’s before or since.

In 1804, only weeks after Napoleon proclaimed himself Emperor, Beethoven debuted his Symphony No. 3 in Napoleon’s honor. It was his grandest and most original work to date — so unlike anything heard before that through weeks of rehearsal, the musicians could not figure out how to play it. At the same time as he was composing these great and immortal works, Beethoven was struggling to come to terms with a shocking and terrible fact, one that he tried desperately to conceal. He was going deaf. At the turn of the century, Beethoven struggled to make out the words spoken to him in conversation.

Despite his extraordinary output of beautiful music, Beethoven was frequently miserable throughout his adult life. Beethoven died on March 26, 1827, at the age of 56.

Notice: The passage above is from biography.com. You can read the full article on this page: Ludwig Van Beethoven. There is also a great video to watch about this composer.

Questions 1 – 8

Are the following statements True, False or Not Given according to the information in the passage.

  1. It is not known exactly when Beethoven was born.
  2. Beethoven suffered cruelty at the hands of his father.
  3. Beethoven was denied hours of sleep as a punishment for poor performance.
  4. Beethoven’s father was also a talented musician.
  5. Beethoven’s  Symphony No. 3 was inspired by a famous man.
  6. In the early 1800’s Beethoven struggled to follow a conversation.

Answers

Click below to reveal the answers.

Answers
  1. True
  2. True
  3. False
  4. Not Given
  5. Not Given
    1. The main problem people have with this question is the word “inspire”. The word “inspire” and the words “in someone’s honor” are not at all the same. They have a completely different meaning. Check an online dictionary to find out.
  6. True

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TFNG Reading Exercise 4

Passage: Spam Messaging 

SPAM, as every user of mobile phones in China is aware to their intense annoyance, is a roaring trade in China. Its delivery-men drive through residential neighbourhoods in “text-messaging cars”, with illegal but easy-to-buy gadgetry they use to hijack links between mobile-phone users and nearby communications masts. They then target the numbers they harvest, blasting them with spam text messages before driving away. Mobile-phone users usually see only the wearisome results: another sprinkling of spam messages offering deals on flats, investment advice and dodgy receipts for tax purposes.

Chinese mobile-users get more spam text messages than their counterparts anywhere else in the world. They received more than 300 billion of them in 2013, or close to one a day for each person using a mobile phone. Users in bigger markets like Beijing and Shanghai receive two a day, or more than 700 annually, accounting for perhaps one-fifth to one-third of all texts. Americans, by comparison, received an estimated 4.5 billion junk messages in 2011, or fewer than 20 per mobile-user for the year—out of a total of more than two trillion text messages sent.

(Notice: Passage from The economist, November 2014)

Questions 1-7

Decide if the following questions are true, false or not given.

  1. In China, SPAM text messaging is a successful business.
  2. People’s phone numbers are collected through the use of technology which cannot be readily bought.
  3. In no other country do people receive more Spam texts than in China.
  4. In 2013, the number of SPAM texts increased considerably to reach 300 billion.
  5. The majority of all texts received in Shanghai and Beijing are SPAM.
  6. In 2011, Americans sent more texts than anywhere else in the world.

Answers

Click below to reveal the answers.

Answers
  1. True
    1. roaring trade
  2. False
    1. the gadgetry = technology
    2. easy to buy = readily bought
    3. This is false because the passage shows it is easy to buy which contradicts the statement.
  3. True
  4. Not Given
    1. Most people get this question wrong because they don’t pay attention to meaning. The passage only gives one fixed number in time = over 300 billion. “Over 300 billion” means “more than 300 billion”, it does not indicate an increase or a decrease.
  5. False
    1. only one third are SPAM at the most
  6. Not Given
Vocabulary
  • intense = strong / extreme
  • roaring business = successful business / booming business
  • residential = suburban
  • gadget = device
  • harvest information = collect / gather
  • sprinkling = smattering
  • counterparts = equals / colleagues
  • spam messages = junk messages
  • digits = numbers / numerals

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IELTS Reading Practice & Tips

A free video lesson and list of tips for IELTS Reading TFNG: IELTS Reading TFNG Tips

All Reading Lessons and Tips: IELTS Reading main page on ieltsliz.com

………………….

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Improving Sentences: E-books and paper books

February 5, 2015 by 12 Comments

Improve your academic writing skills for IELTS writing task 2.

In recent years, more and more people are choosing to read e-books rather than paper books.

Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

The statements below are taken from a student’s essay and contain some mistakes. Can you re-write these sentences so that they are not only correct but also higher band score?

  1. In my point of view, reading digital books have more advantages compared with printed books.
  2. First and foremost, E-book is been accessed, nowadays, easily by the people in a fraction of seconds through the advanced modern communication technologies.
  3. Secondly, buying an electronic version books are easier than the printed paper books.
  4. On the other hand, People health will affect when they spend more time to read books by using the modern gadgets such as laptop, mobile phones and tablets.
  5. In conclusion, in my view, electronic version books bring more pleasure and easily to access.

Try writing the sentences for yourself before you check the answers.Answers

  1. In my opinion, reading digital books has more advantages compared to printed books. (“reading digital books” is the subject and it is actually singular so the verb must be “has” not “have”)
  2. First and foremost, e-books can be easily accessed by people in only a fraction of a second through the use of advanced modern technology. ( The phrase “a fraction of a second” can’t be plural and must be written as it is. It’s a nice phrase to use and can be used for academic writing – just make sure you write it correctly)
  3. Secondly, buying electronic books online is easier for the consumer than purchasing printed paper books.
  4. On the other hand, spending too much time reading e-books on bright screens from gadgets such as laptops or tablets, can have an adverse effect on people’s health.
  5. In conclusion, I think that e-books are more accessible to both read and buy for the consumer than conventional paper books.

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IELTS Speaking Part 3: Technology Questions and Model Answer

January 20, 2015 by 22 Comments

Technology is a popular topic in speaking part 3. Below are some common questions with a model answer underneath.

  • What modern technological devices are most common in your country?
  • Do you think modern technology is useful?
  • Do you think people rely too much on technology?
  • Do you think men and women view technological devices differently?
  • Why do you think people spend so much money buying the latest devices?

Model Answer

  • Question: Do you think men and women view technological devices differently?
  • Answer: Yes, I do. For starters, men are usually more obsessed with gadgets. They are almost like children with the way they want to play with the latest gizmos and learn all their new functions. They are constantly fiddling around with their new toys. I also think that gadgets are a kind of ego for men. I mean they often compare their new toys with each other to see who has the best one. Women, on the other hand, are more down to earth and see devices more rationally as a means to communicate with others or to perform a particular function. Of course, this is pretty stereotyped but it seems to hold true for most men and women I know.

Useful Expressions

  • fiddling around with something = playing with something
  • down to earth = realistic, practical
  • stereotyped = putting people into a group or categorising them not based on fact

Note:  As you can see this model answer is from a woman’s perspective, if you would like to give a sample answer from a man’s perspective, please post it in the comments box. Feel free to post your answers to other questions as well.

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Technology Vocabulary for Speaking

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Technology Vocabulary for Speaking

January 18, 2015 by 56 Comments

So many students confuse academic language for writing task 2 and spoken, informal language. In this lesson, you will learn lots of language for your speaking test for the topic of technology.

Forms of the word:

  • technology (n)
  • technologies (pl n)
  • technological (adj)

The article below is about why men like modern technological devices. It’s written informally and with humour. I’ve underlined useful words for you to learn and practice using. The questions are at the bottom of the passage but I’ve also put a couple of links to them in the passage itself for easy access – check the Qs link.

Why Men Like Gadgets

Be it communication devices, play station, music systems, sports gear, cars and other electronic equipments, men share a special relationship with gadgets. It’s only when a woman understands her man’s fondness for these gizmos, are they able to balance their relationship with them. Here’s why men believe in romancing their gadgets:

Sense of freedom

For most men, the cell phone, or their wireless PDA and compact notebook are symbols of freedom. The mere fact that they own one such gadget makes a man feel unbound. Men can store a lot of information in their tiny devices and feel confident. Qs

Questions:
  1. Men are always after the latest ………….
  2. There’s nothing worse than sitting next to a ………… person
  3. I wouldn’t say he’s lacking in ……….. He’s so full of himself.
  4. If you can’t get to sleep, try to avoid drinking caffeinated drinks after 5pm or not using any ………. such as tablets that have a bright screen late at night. That should …………..

Sense of power

Gadgets like laser pointers provides a sense of power for men. Men love to feel powerful and gadgets enhance their supremacy, at least they feel so. The SUV cars and high-speed Internet connections are all demonstrations of power for men.

Ego-boosters
The funkiest cars, the tiniest video camera, the most expensive function-laden watch, and the fastest computer – all these work as ego-boosters for men. In fact, men use gadgets to impress each other. Arm wrestling, bike racing or drinking competitions are no more the ways to prove masculinity; it’s these gadgets that do the trick now. They are the new way to show off wealth, taste, advancement and knowledge. Qs

Questions:
  1. Men are always after the latest ………….
  2. There’s nothing worse than sitting next to a ………… person
  3. I wouldn’t say he’s lacking in ……….. He’s so full of himself.
  4. If you can’t get to sleep, try to avoid drinking caffeinated drinks after 5pm or not using any ………. such as tablets that have a bright screen late at night. That should …………..

Gadgets lure women
A classy car, latest cell phone, expensive watches and other gadgets, men think, help impress women.

Need to fidget
Men often have a tendency to get restless easily and gadgets contribute to the cause. Television remote control, mobile phones, laptops are few perfect examples of “fidgeting gadgets” men tend to use.

Stress buster
Men prefer to avoid talking about the subject that’s giving them stress and gadgets often work as a stress buster in such situations. Engaging themselves in gadgets is the way men choose to de-stress themselves.

Source of article: Passage from Times of India

Vocabulary Practice

Complete the sentence using a word or words taken from the article above. This is not an IELTS reading exercise, it is just an exercise to practice using the language in the passage. You may need to change the form of the word.

  1. Men are always after the latest ………….
  2. There’s nothing worse than sitting next to a ………… person
  3. I wouldn’t say he’s lacking in ……….. He’s so full of himself.
  4. If you can’t get to sleep, try to avoid drinking caffeinated drinks after 5pm or not using any ………. such as tablets that have a bright screen late at night. That should …………..
Vocabulary

Here is a list of useful vocabulary. See below for the audio to listen to the pronunciation.

  • gadget = tool, device , implement (informal)
  • gizmos = gadget, device (informal)
  • unbound = liberated
  • ego = self-image, self-esteem
  • ego-booster = something that enhances a person’s self-image (informal)
  • funky = cool, trendy, happening (informal)
  • do the trick = do exactly what is needed (informal)
  • function-laden = full of functions (informal)
  • fidget – move nervously and continuously (informal)
  • stress buster = something which reduces stress (informal)
  • to be after something = to want something (informal)
  • to be full of oneself = to be over-confident and have a lot of self-esteem

  Answers
  1. gadgets or gizmos (could also be singular)
  2. fidgety
  3. ego
  4. gadgets or gizmos / do the trick

Passage from Time of India

Example of an IELTS speaking question with model answer:

  • Question: Do you like modern technology?
  • Answer: Yes, I do. I’m pretty gadget mad actually. Whenever they release an up-grade, I’m the first in line to see what new functions they’ve incorporated into the new model and how it works. My friends are always saying that I spend too much money on the latest gizmos.

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Introduction Paragraph Feedback

January 9, 2015 by 15 Comments

The introduction paragraph below was sent to me by a student in response to the following essay question.

Essay Question

With an increasing population communicating via the internet and text messaging, face to face communication will become a thing of the past. To what extent do you agree?

Student Introduction

Face to face communication is become less important than the past, since increase and populate communication by the internet and text messaging. In my opinion, I agree that face to face communication will suffer as some small, develop new technologies but it is fishy that it is cause the death of traditional communicate.

Feedback

The ideas and technique in this introduction are fine. However, the grammar and vocaulary make it difficult for the reader. Let’s go through each mistake before seeing the model.

      1.  “Face to face communication is become less important than the past ….” There are two mistakes in this sentence. One mistake is with the grammar tense and one mistake is a missing preposition. Can you correct the errors? Answer
        Face to face communication has become less important than in the past.
      2. …since increase and populate communication by the internet and text messaging. There is a problem with both vocabulary and grammar. Can you correct it? Answer
        …since the popular increase in communication by internet and text messaging.
      3. … face to face communication will suffer as some small, develop new technologies… Can you correct the problems? Answer
        …face to face communication will suffer due to the development of technology.. 
      4. …but it is fishy that it is cause the death of traditional communicate. There are a lot of errors with this part of the sentence due to the choice of vocabulary. How would you write it? Answer
        but it is unlikely that it will result in the disappearance of direct, face to face communication .

Comments

  1. “It is fishy that …” this is an idiom which means it is suspicious. Firstly, the meaning is not right for the above sentence. Secondly, it is not academic. Many idioms are not academic and therefore many shouldn’t be used in IELTS writing task 2. Don’t confuse idioms with idiomatic language. The student should use “it is unlikely to …” or “it is doubtful that …”.
  2. “..cause the death of …” this is also an idiom which can be used in academic writing but the meaning is not appropriate for this essay.
  3. “traditional communication” the writer is trying to paraphrase the words “face to face communication”. Unfortunately, it can’t be paraphrased. Not all words can be paraphrased in English.
  4. Many students try to paraphrase all words because they think they will get a high score. Unfortunately, the result is a lot of errors. If you have frequent errors, you will get band score 5  or 5.5 in vocabulary. You must be very sure of your paraphrasing or you will end up with more and more mistakes which will reduce your band score.

Model Introduction

As a growing number of people are choosing to communicate through the use of modern technology, such as the internet and text messaging, some people think that face to face communication will eventually die out. In my opinion, although I agree that face to face communication will become increasingly less popular, it is unlikely to disappear completely and will still be favoured in certain situations.

Filed Under: IELTS Writing Task 2 Tagged With: , ,
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